The service life of a chain is affected by which of the following factors?

The service life of a chain is influenced by a variety of factors, and one of the most significant is the load conditions under which the chain operates. If a chain is subjected to excessive loads beyond its rated capacity, it can lead to accelerated wear, deformation, or even failure. Proper load support and distribution are crucial for maintaining the integrity and longevity of the chain.

Temperature also plays a critical role in the service life of a chain. High temperatures can lead to increased wear and degradation of lubricants, while extremely low temperatures may affect the material properties of the chain, making it more brittle and prone to breakage. Additionally, temperature fluctuations can contribute to expansion and contraction, which may impact the alignment and fit of the chain with its associated components.

Considering both the load conditions and temperature, it becomes clear that both factors significantly impact the durability and performance of a chain. This is why the most appropriate answer encompasses both aspects, affirming their combined influence on the chain's service life.